All cattle and calves in the United States as of Jan. 1, 2026 totaled 86.2 million head, slightly below the 86.5 million head on Jan. 1, 2025.

All cows and heifers that have calved, at 37.2 million head, were slightly below the 37.3 million head on Jan 1. 2025. Beef cows, at 27.6 million head, were down 1 percent from a year ago. Milk cows, at 9.57 million head, were up 2 percent from the previous year.

All heifers 500 pounds and over as of Jan. 1, 2026 totaled 18.0 million head, 1 percent below the 18.1 million head on Jan. 1, 2025. Beef replacement heifers, at 4.71 million head, were up 1 percent from a year ago. Milk replacement heifers, at 3.90 million head, were down slightly from the previous year. Other heifers, at 9.40 million head, were J2 percent below a year earlier.

Steers weighing 500 pounds and over as of Jan. 1, 2026 totaled 15.6 million head, down 1 percent from Jan. 1, 2025.

Bulls weighing 500 pounds and over as of Jan. 1, 2026 totaled 2.01 million head, up slightly from Jan. 1, 2025.

Calves under 500 pounds as of Jan. 1, 2026 totaled 13.3 million head, down slightly from Jan. 1, 2025.

Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for all feedlots totaled 13.8 million head on Jan. 1, 2026. The inventory is down 3 percent from the Jan. 1, 2025 total of 14.3 million head. Cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head accounted for 82.7 percent of the total cattle on feed on Jan. 1, 2026, up slightly from the previous year. The combined total of calves under 500 pounds and other heifers and steers over 500 pounds (outside of feedlots), at 24.5 million head, was 1 percent above Jan. 1, 2025.

Calf crop down 2 percent

The 2025 calf crop in the United States was estimated at 32.9 million head, down 2 percent from the previous year’s calf crop. Calves born during the first half of 2025 were estimated at 24.2 million head, down 2 percent from the first half of 2024. Calves born during the second half of 2025 were estimated at 8.70 million head, 26 percent of the total 2025 calf

crop.